# Coherentist Theories of Epistemic Justification

> 【EN】An epistemically justified belief is one that is properly held, given the believer’s perspective, for the sake of believing the truth. According to a coherence theory of epistemic justification, also known as coherentism, a belief is epistemically justified by cohering with other beliefs. The nature of the coherence has been variously explained, as is discussed below. This coherentism is distinct from a coherence theory of truth , that is, a theory saying that a proposition is made true by being in some sort of coherent system. Modern coherence theorists, in contrast to some earlier writers in the British idealist tradition, typically subscribe to a coherence theory of justification without advocating a coherence theory of truth. … 【中】词条阐述认识辩护的融贯论。融贯论主张信念的辩护来自它与其他信念的融贯关系，并明确区分于把真理解为融贯性的真理融贯论。文章把融贯论与基础论对照，考察回退问题、传统的与另类的融贯说明、从零开始的融贯辩护、融贯的概率测度，以及关于融贯是否导向真理的分析之争与若干不可能性结果。

- ID: m13227
- Category: culture
- Domain: 认识论

## Definition

一个认识上得到辩护的信念，就是从相信者的视角看、为了获得真理而恰当持有的信念。融贯论主张：一个信念之所以得到辩护，在于它与其他信念相融贯。至于何谓融贯，则有多种解释，词条对此逐一讨论。 脚手架作用：- 信念检验：看新信念能否与既有信念网相互支持而不冲突。 - 体系修补：修正时优先保全整体一致性，而非孤立地看单点证据。 - 无基点推理：在缺少绝对起点的领域，用相互印证建立可信度。

## How it works

单个信念自身不能辩护自己，若它必须由另一个信念支持，后者又需再一个，就会陷入回退。融贯论的对策是让辩护成为整体性质：信念因处在相互支持、彼此解释的信念之网中而得到辩护，辩护不再需要无支撑的起点。

## Practice

1) 把争议信念放回其所属信念系统，列出相互支持的关联；2) 检查系统内部的逻辑、解释与概率一致性；3) 比较加入新信念前后系统整体的融贯度；4) 同时追问该系统是否与外部的经验输入相衔接。

## Use

- 信念检验：看新信念能否与既有信念网相互支持而不冲突。 - 体系修补：修正时优先保全整体一致性，而非孤立地看单点证据。 - 无基点推理：在缺少绝对起点的领域，用相互印证建立可信度。

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