# Inverted Qualia

> 【EN】Qualia inversion thought experiments are ubiquitous in contemporary philosophy of mind (largely due to the influence of Shoemaker 1982 and Block 1990). The most popular kind is one or another variant of Locke’s hypothetical case of “spectrum inversion”, in which strawberries and ripe tomatoes produce visual experiences of the sort that are actually produced by grass and cucumbers, grass and cucumbers produce experiences of the sort that are actually produced by strawberries and ripe tomatoes, and so on. This entry surveys the main philosophical applications of what Dennett has called “one of philosophy’s most virulent memes” (1991, 389). Section 1 explains what “qualia” are supposed to be. Section 2 describes the many different sorts of “inverted qualia” (specifically, “inverted spectrum”) thought experiments, including a close cousin that does not involve inversion. … 【中】词条梳理这一被称作哲学中最具传染性的模因的主要用途：先说明感受质被认为是什么，再呈现洛克的光谱颠倒场景，区分个体内与个体间的情形，讨论颠倒地球与感受质偏移等变体，最后考察它们分别被用来反对表征主义、支持外观性质，或支持呈现方式。

- ID: m13285
- Category: learn
- Domain: 认知科学

## Definition

感受质颠倒指一整套思想实验，最流行的是洛克光谱颠倒的诸变体：草莓与熟番茄引起的视觉经验，恰如我们实际看青草与黄瓜时的经验，反之亦然。这类设想在当代心灵哲学中被广泛用于检验各种理论。 脚手架作用：- 功能检验：设想功能全同而体验互换，检验理论是否遗漏了现象层面。 - 差异说明：解释为何功能指标一致时，个体主观报告仍可能是真差异。

## How it works

论证的支点是功能与现象的可分离性：若两个人在功能组织、行为反应与语言用法上完全一致，而现象体验却红绿互换，那么感受质就不能被功能角色穷尽。这一可设想性通常被进一步推向形而上学上的可能性，用以反对功能主义与表征主义。

## Practice

1) 构造两个功能等价而现象不同的主体；2) 检查该差异是否在行为或功能上不可探测；3) 追问可设想性是否蕴含可能性；4) 考察理论若否认这种差异要付出什么代价。

## Use

- 功能检验：设想功能全同而体验互换，检验理论是否遗漏了现象层面。 - 差异说明：解释为何功能指标一致时，个体主观报告仍可能是真差异。

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