# Structural Rationality

> 【EN】Many paradigm instances of irrationality involve one’s mental states failing to cohere with one another, in a fairly broad sense of ‘cohere’. [ 1 ] For example, it’s commonly thought to be irrational to hold (obviously) inconsistent beliefs – say, to believe that you are a great cook, to believe that great cooks never overcook eggs, and yet to believe that you have overcooked the eggs. These three beliefs are jointly incoherent. Similarly, many central instances of practical irrationality, such as instrumental irrationality, can be thought of as instances of incoherence: it is incoherent to simultaneously intend to shop for groceries today, believe that to shop for groceries today you must get on your bike now, but yet not intend to get on your bike now. … 【中】词条以信念、意向等状态之间的融贯为核心，刻画结构合理性的主要特征，并给出结构非理性的清单：自相矛盾的信念、手段与目的脱节、意向与信念冲突等。文中讨论结构合理性是否具有统一性、共时与历时的要求之分、过程要求与状态要求之分，以及为何要理性这一挑战，最后梳理透明性与显见理由等理论选项。

- ID: m13292
- Category: decide
- Domain: 决策科学

## Definition

结构合理性关乎心理状态之间是否彼此融贯：许多典型的非理性，正是一个人的心理状态在相当宽的意义上未能相互融贯。例如同时相信我是好厨师、好厨师从不把蛋煮过头、我把蛋煮过头了，便是明显的不融贯。 脚手架作用：- 状态体检：检查信念与意向之间是否互相拆台，如相信与行动彼此矛盾。 - 批评定位：不先问内容对错，先把非理性定位在心理状态组合的结构上。

## How it works

结构要求不评价单个状态的内容对错，而评价它们之间的组合方式：若一组状态在逻辑上或实践上相互拆台，主体就处于可批评的状态。这类要求的约束力被认为来自状态本身的概念结构，相信与意向天然带有融贯的标准，而非来自某个额外的目标。

## Practice

1) 列出相关信念、欲望与意向的组合；2) 检查它们是否彼此矛盾或相互拆台；3) 区分这是当下的冲突还是跨时间的改变；4) 判断应修正哪一个状态，或是否有显见理由支持保留。

## Use

- 状态体检：检查信念与意向之间是否互相拆台，如相信与行动彼此矛盾。 - 批评定位：不先问内容对错，先把非理性定位在心理状态组合的结构上。

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