# 希腊的知识与技艺

> 【EN】Epistêmê is the Greek word most often translated as knowledge, while technê is translated as either craft or art. These translations, however, may inappropriately harbor some of our contemporary assumptions about the relation between theory (the domain of ‘knowledge’) and practice (the concern of ‘craft’ or ‘art’). In our era, the paradigm of theory is pure mathematics, that has no obvious application to practical problems of, e.g., engineering. As well, theoretical physics sometimes has a tenuous relation to confirming/disconfirming experimentation. At the other end of the spectrum is craft, for example, carpentry, which is so enmeshed in material application that it resists any general explanation but must be learned by practice. As a consequence, theory and practice even seem irreconcilable. … 【中】词条依次考察色诺芬、柏拉图、亚里士多德、斯多亚派、阿弗洛狄西亚的亚历山大与普罗提诺如何理解这两个概念。作者提醒：把 epistêmê 译成“知识”、technê 译成“技艺”，可能不当地夹带了现代人关于理论（知识领域）与实践（技艺之事）关系的预设，而古希腊人未必持这种分野。

- ID: m13198
- 分类: culture
- 领域: 认识论

## 定义

这一区分考察古希腊的一对概念：epistêmê（通常译为“知识”）与 technê（通常译为“技艺”或“艺术”），并追问用现代的理论与实践二分去翻译它们是否恰当。 脚手架作用：- 区分知识类型：判断一项能力是要给出原因的解释，还是只求稳定做成事情的诀窍。 - 检视二分预设：质疑把懂原理与会操作截然分开的预设，避免低估技艺本身的价值。

## 机制

我们这个时代以纯粹数学为理论的范式，它与工程等实际问题并无明显关联，理论物理与验证性实验的关系有时也很松散；而古希腊语境中，知识与技艺常共享“可教导、能给出理由、关乎真实原因”这类判准，二者的边界因此随哲学家而异。

## 练习

1) 遇到“理论对实践”的二分时，先问这是现代预设还是文本原意；2) 明确该文本中 epistêmê 用的是哪一种判准；3) 检查 technê 是否被当作能给出理由的能力而非单纯的手艺；4) 避免用现代学科分类回读古人。

## 脚手架用法

- 区分知识类型：判断一项能力是要给出原因的解释，还是只求稳定做成事情的诀窍。 - 检视二分预设：质疑把懂原理与会操作截然分开的预设，避免低估技艺本身的价值。

[阅读网页](https://thinkingmodels.site/entries/detail/m13198)