# 行动逻辑与形式化研究

> 【EN】In this article we provide a brief overview of the logic of action in philosophy, linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. The logic of action is the formal study of action in which formal languages are the main tool of analysis. The concept of action is of central interest to many disciplines: the social sciences including economics, the humanities including history and literature, psychology, linguistics, law, computer science, artificial intelligence, and probably others. In philosophy it has been studied since the beginning because of its importance for epistemology and, particularly, ethics; and since a few decades it is even studied for its own sake. But it is in the logic of action that action is studied in the most abstract way. The logic of action began in philosophy. But it has also played a certain role in linguistics. … 【中】词条概述哲学、语言学、计算机科学与人工智能中的行动逻辑。它以形式语言为主要分析工具研究行动，而行动概念为众多学科所共同关注。文章分别考察哲学中的行动逻辑——历史概述、stit 理论、意图、特殊种类的行动逻辑——与语言学中的行动逻辑：言语行为、行动句、动态语义、智能体的描述与规约。

- ID: m13238
- 分类: structure
- 领域: 逻辑学

## 定义

行动逻辑是以形式语言为主要工具对行动的系统研究。行动概念为经济学、历史学、心理学、语言学、法学、计算机科学与人工智能等众多学科所关注；哲学中它因认识论与伦理学之需自始受重视，近数十年也被单独研究。 脚手架作用：- 责任归属：用某主体使得某事发生精确刻画谁造成了结果。 - 能力刻画：形式地区分能做成、做不成与不去做成的差别。 - 后果推演：把行动序列与时间点纳入推理，检验因果与意图。

## 机制

行动逻辑把行动与能动者、结果、时间等要素放进一个形式语言，用算子表达“某能动者使得某事发生”或“某事因某行动而为真”，并配以可能世界或动态语义学给出的模型。于是关于责任、能力、意图与后果的推理就能被精确地刻画与检验。

## 练习

1) 确定行动要素：能动者、动作、结果与时间点；2) 选用形式语言与算子，把自然语言陈述译为公式；3) 在语义模型上检验结论是否有效推出；4) 遇框架问题时，显式写出行动前后不变的条件。

## 脚手架用法

- 责任归属：用某主体使得某事发生精确刻画谁造成了结果。 - 能力刻画：形式地区分能做成、做不成与不去做成的差别。 - 后果推演：把行动序列与时间点纳入推理，检验因果与意图。

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